Introduction
Most of us don’t think about saliva—until it isn’t there. A healthy flow of saliva is essential for protecting your teeth, gums, and mouth. When saliva production decreases, a condition known as dry mouth (xerostomia) develops. This isn’t just uncomfortable—it can significantly increase your risk of tooth decay, gum disease, and oral infections. In this blog, we’ll explain why saliva is so important, what causes dry mouth, and how you can manage and prevent it.
Why Saliva Is Essential for Oral Health
Saliva does much more than keep your mouth moist:
- Neutralises acids: Helps protect enamel from acid erosion.
- Washes away food particles: Reduces plaque build-up and decay risk.
- Provides minerals: Calcium and phosphate in saliva help remineralise teeth.
- Supports digestion: Begins the breakdown of food for easier swallowing.
- Protects against infection: Contains antimicrobial proteins that fight harmful bacteria.
Causes of Dry Mouth
Dry mouth can be triggered by several factors:
- Medications: Over 500 prescription and non-prescription drugs (e.g. antidepressants, antihistamines, blood pressure tablets) list dry mouth as a side effect.
- Ageing: Saliva production can naturally decrease with age.
- Medical conditions: Diabetes, Sjögren’s syndrome, and Parkinson’s disease can contribute.
- Cancer therapy: Radiotherapy or chemotherapy affecting the head and neck often reduces saliva flow.
- Lifestyle: Smoking, alcohol, and high caffeine intake worsen dryness.
Symptoms of Dry Mouth
- Constant feeling of dryness or stickiness in the mouth
- Difficulty chewing, swallowing, or speaking
- Bad breath (halitosis)
- Increased tooth sensitivity and decay
- Burning or tingling sensation on the tongue
Risks of Untreated Dry Mouth
If ignored, xerostomia can lead to:
- Higher risk of tooth decay and cavities
- Increased incidence of gum disease
- Oral infections such as thrush (candidiasis)
- Difficulty wearing dentures comfortably
- Reduced quality of life due to discomfort
How to Manage and Prevent Dry Mouth
- Stay hydrated: Sip water regularly throughout the day.
- Stimulate saliva: Chew sugar-free gum or suck sugar-free lozenges.
- Avoid irritants: Cut down on alcohol, caffeine, and smoking.
- Use saliva substitutes: Specialist gels, sprays, or mouthwashes designed for dry mouth.
- Fluoride protection: Fluoride toothpaste or rinses strengthen enamel.
- See your dentist: They can prescribe tailored solutions or adjust fluoride levels.
Conclusion
Saliva is your mouth’s natural defence system, and without it, teeth and gums quickly become vulnerable. If you’re struggling with persistent dryness, don’t ignore it—book an appointment with your dentist. With the right management, you can relieve discomfort and protect your smile.
FAQs
Q: Is dry mouth a normal part of ageing?
A: While saliva flow can decrease with age, persistent dry mouth isn’t normal and should be checked by a dentist.
Q: Can drinking more water cure dry mouth?
A: Hydration helps, but if medication or medical conditions are the cause, additional treatments may be needed.
Q: What mouthwash is best for dry mouth?
A: Choose alcohol-free mouthwashes designed for dry mouth, as alcohol-based ones can make it worse.
