Introduction

Do you often wake up with jaw pain, headaches, or sensitive teeth? You may be experiencing bruxism, a condition where you grind or clench your teeth—often without realising it. Bruxism is closely linked to stress, sleep issues, and bite problems, and if left untreated, it can cause significant wear to your teeth and discomfort in your jaw. In this blog, we’ll explain what bruxism is, why it happens, the symptoms to look out for, and most importantly, how it can be managed effectively.

What Is Bruxism?

Bruxism is the medical term for involuntary teeth grinding or clenching. It usually occurs at night (sleep bruxism), but some people also experience it during the day, particularly when stressed or focused. The British Society of Restorative Dentistry estimates that bruxism affects around 8–10% of adults, although many cases go undiagnosed.

Causes of Bruxism

Bruxism has multiple contributing factors:

• Stress and anxiety: Emotional tension is the most common trigger.
• Sleep disorders: Conditions like sleep apnoea are strongly associated.
• Bite alignment (malocclusion): Poorly aligned teeth may increase grinding.
• Lifestyle factors: High caffeine or alcohol intake, smoking, and recreational drugs can heighten risk.
• Medications: Certain antidepressants and other drugs have been linked with increased grinding.

Signs and Symptoms

Bruxism can be difficult to detect, but warning signs include:

• Worn, flattened, or chipped teeth
• Jaw pain, tightness, or clicking
• Headaches, particularly in the morning
• Tooth sensitivity from enamel wear
• Disturbed sleep (for you or your partner)

Risks of Untreated Bruxism

If left unmanaged, bruxism can:

• Lead to significant tooth wear and fractures
• Cause temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD/TMJ)
• Increase the need for complex dental treatments such as crowns or implants
• Affect sleep quality and overall wellbeing

Treatment and Management Options

The good news is that bruxism can be effectively managed:

• Custom night guards: A dentist-made appliance protects teeth during sleep.
• Stress management: Mindfulness, exercise, and relaxation techniques reduce tension.
• Orthodontic care: Where misaligned teeth are a factor, braces or aligners may help.
• Physiotherapy or jaw exercises: These can ease muscle strain.
• Medication review: Your GP may suggest alternatives if drugs are a contributing factor.

Prevention and Self-Care Tips

• Limit caffeine and alcohol, particularly in the evening.
• Avoid chewing gum or biting non-food items, which strain jaw muscles.
• Apply a warm compress to the jaw before bedtime.
• Practise relaxation exercises before sleep.
• Maintain regular dental check-ups to catch early signs of tooth wear.

Conclusion

Bruxism is more than just a bad habit—it can cause long-term damage to your teeth and jaw if ignored. The earlier it’s identified, the easier it is to manage. If you suspect you grind your teeth, book an appointment with your dentist for a tailored solution.

FAQs

Q: How do I know if I grind my teeth at night?

A: Often, it’s a partner who first notices grinding sounds. Your dentist can also spot the signs of tooth wear or jaw strain during a routine exam.

Q: Will bruxism go away on its own?

A: For some people, particularly those with stress-related grinding, it can improve over time. However, protective treatment is usually recommended to prevent damage.

Q: Is a shop-bought mouthguard enough?

A: Over-the-counter guards may provide limited protection but often don’t fit properly. A custom-made guard from your dentist is much more effective.

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