Introduction

Noticing a white patch inside your mouth can be worrying. While many white patches are harmless, some conditions require closer monitoring and professional care. One such condition is oral lichen planus, a long-term inflammatory disorder that affects the lining of the mouth. In this blog, we’ll explain what oral lichen planus is, other common causes of white patches, when to seek help, and how your dentist can support you in maintaining oral health.‍

What Is Oral Lichen Planus?

Oral lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the mucous membranes inside the mouth. It often appears as:

• White, lacy patches on the inner cheeks, tongue, or gums
• Redness and soreness
• Occasionally, painful ulcers

The exact cause isn’t fully understood, but it is thought to be an immune system reaction. The condition is not contagious.

Other Causes of White Patches in the Mouth

Not all white patches are oral lichen planus. Common causes include:

• Leukoplakia: White patches often linked to smoking or irritation. Some cases require monitoring as they can occasionally develop into cancer.
• Candidiasis (oral thrush): A fungal infection that causes creamy white patches, often wipeable.
• Frictional keratosis: Harmless thickening of tissue from repeated rubbing (e.g. cheek biting or sharp teeth).‍
• Geographic tongue: Harmless condition causing irregular red and white patches on the tongue surface.

When Should You Be Concerned?

Seek professional advice if you notice:

• Persistent white or red patches lasting more than two weeks
• Pain, burning, or difficulty eating and speaking
• Ulcers that don’t heal
• Any change in the size, texture, or colour of a patch

Your dentist may recommend further investigation, including referral to a specialist or a biopsy, to rule out serious conditions.

Treatment and Management of Oral Lichen Planus

• Regular monitoring: Your dentist will check for changes at routine visits.
• Medication: Topical corticosteroids or gels may reduce discomfort.
• Good oral hygiene: Helps minimise irritation and infection risk.
• Avoid triggers: Stress, spicy foods, alcohol, and tobacco may worsen symptoms.

While oral lichen planus is usually manageable, it does slightly increase the risk of oral cancer in rare cases, which is why ongoing monitoring is essential.

Conclusion

Not all white patches in the mouth are a cause for alarm, but persistent ones should never be ignored. Early detection and professional advice are the best ways to ensure your oral health is protected. If you notice any unusual changes, book a dental appointment for reassurance and appropriate care.

FAQs

Q: Is oral lichen planus cancer?

A: No, oral lichen planus is not cancer. However, because it may slightly increase cancer risk, regular monitoring is important.

Q: Can oral lichen planus be cured?

A: It is a long-term condition that can be managed but not cured. Symptoms often improve with treatment.

Q: Are all white patches in the mouth serious?

A: Many are harmless, but persistent patches should always be checked by a dentist.

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